FAA rejects criticism of 787 fuselage testing

 Monday, October 1, 2007

By Dominic Gates
Seattle Times aerospace reporter

The Federal Aviation Adminstration (FAA) has rejected suggestions from a former Boeing engineer that it change the testing and certification process proposed to prove that the 787 Dreamliner is as safe in a crash landing as current airplanes.

In a formal response published in the Federal Register last week, the FAA summarizes two critiques of its certification proposals from unidentified sources. One of those is recognizable as referring to an 11-page letter submitted in July by Vince Weldon, formerly employed as a high-level engineer and manager at Boeing's Phantom Works research unit. Weldon's safety concerns were the basis for a cable TV news show last month presented by former CBS anchor Dan Rather.

Weldon, who was fired in 2006 under disputed circumstances after 46 years at Boeing, argued that the 787 needs stiffer tests than those Boeing has conducted. He asserted that its composite plastic structure could shatter in a crash landing and burn with toxic fumes.

The FAA in June set out the terms for Boeing to prove that passengers in its newest jet — built from an innovative composite plastic — would have at least as good a chance of surviving a crash landing as they would in today's metal airplanes.

Among other things, Weldon asked the FAA to conduct the tests, rather than have Boeing do so under FAA observation.

The FAA response says, "We consider it more effective to establish the standards and encourage (Boeing) to develop the most effective method of compliance."

To make a more direct comparison between the crash performance of a plastic fuselage versus a metal one, Weldon had called for the 787 tests to mirror the details of a drop test done in 2000 on a 737 metal fuselage section — dropping onto concrete a complete circular fuselage section with stowbins overhead and instrumented crash-test dummies in the seats.

"While there are merits in conducting a full-scale test, there are other approaches using tests and analysis that can actually yield more data than would a single test," the FAA responded.

And Weldon also called for the fuselage that is dropped to then be subjected to a fire and tested for smoke penetration.

Regarding the fire hazard issue, which was also raised in a second submission besides Weldon's, the FAA simply said that this concern is being evaluated under a separate set of regulations before certification.

Boeing has now completed three physical tests using just the lower half of a 787 partial fuselage. The tests subjected it to slow crushing in a vise, to a ramming from a steel plate and to a vertical drop from about 15 feet onto a steel plate.

Last month, Boeing said these tests have produced sufficient data to validate the computer models it uses to simulate crashes.

Multiple crash scenarios will be run through the computer models over the coming five or six months to prove the FAA's requirement that the composite plastic fuslage is as safe as a metal one in a survivable crash landing.

After he was terminated, Weldon alleged in a whistle-blower complaint with the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) that his firing was "retaliation for raising concerns throughout the last two years of his employment about the crashworthiness of the 787." Boeing told investigators Weldon was fired for threatening a supervisor.

In January, OSHA rejected Weldon's complaint on largely technical grounds.